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The Kadazans are an ethnic group indigenous to the state of Sabah in Malaysia. They are found mainly in Penampang on the west coast of Sabah, the surrounding locales, and various locations in the interior. "Kadazan" is a term referring to the Dusun Tangara most of whom lived in towns. ==Origins of the term 'Kadazan'== While it is widely believed that the term itself was a political derivative that came into existence in the late 1950s to early 1960s, no proper historical record exists pertaining to the origins of the term or its originator. However, an article by Richard Tunggolou〔Tunggolou, Richard. ("The origins and meanings of the terms "Kadazan" and "Dusun"." ), ''KDCA Publications''. 2 December 2004.〕 may shed some light. According to Tunggolou, most of the explanations of the meanings and origins of the word ‘Kadazan’ assumed that the word was of recent origin, specifically in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Tunggolou further claimed that some people have theorised that the term originates from the word ‘kakadazan’ (towns) or ‘kedai’ (shops), and from the claim that Kadazan politicians such as the late Datuk Peter J. Mojuntin coined the term. However, there is evidence to suggest that the term has been used long before the 1950s. Owen Rutter, in his book, ''The Pagans Of North Borneo'', published in 1929, wrote: “The Dusun usually describes himself generically as a tulun tindal (landsman) or, on the West Coast, particularly at Papar, as a Kadazan.” (page 31). Rutter worked in Sabah for five years as District Officer in all five residencies and left Sabah with the onset of the First World War. This means that he started working in Sabah from 1910 and left Sabah in 1914. We can therefore safely say that the word ‘Kadazan’ was already in existence before any towns or shops were built in the Penampang district and that Kadazan politicians did not invent the word in the late fifties and early sixties. The Bobolians or the Bobohizans of Borneo were interviewed to seek better picture of the true meaning of the term "Kadazan", a Lotud Bobolian was asked what is the meaning of Kadazan or kadayan to which she replied that Kadazan means "the people of the land". The Bobohizan from Penampang was also interviewed seeking the real meaning of Kadazan. The Bobohizan Dousia Moujing confirmed that Kadazan has always been used to describe the real people of the Land; Kadazan means "the people of the land". That confirmed what Rutter (1929) had described about the existence of the term Kadazan. Thus, the word "Kadazan" was arguably not derived from the word "kedai" (meaning "shops" in Malay). Over a hundred years, the Kadazans were ruled by the Brunei Sultanate; the Kadazan or Kadayan (in Lotud, Marangang, Liwan etc.) were referred to officially by the Sultanate as the "Orang Dusun" which means "the People of the Orchard." This was because in Malay, Dusun means Orchard Farm. Administratively, the Kadazans were called "Orang Dusun" by the Sultanate (or more specifically the tax-collector) but in reality the "Orang Dusun" were in fact Kadazan. An account of this fact was written by the first census made by the North Borneo Company in Sabah, 1881. Administratively all Kadazans were called Duun. Only through the establishment of the KCA (Kadazan Cultural Association) in 1960 was this terminology corrected and replaced by "Kadazan." When Sabah, together with Sarawak and Singapore joined Malaya in forming Malaysia in 1963, administratively all "Orang Dusun" born since were referred to as Kadazan. Initially, there were no conflicts with regard to "Kadazan" as the identity of the "Orang Dusun" between 1963 to 1984. In 1985, through the KDCA (formally called KCA) the term Dusun was once again introduced after much pressures from various parties desiring a division between the Kadazan and the "Orang Dusun" once again. This was largely successful and a precursor to the fall of the ruling political state party PBS. PBS through the KCA then coined the new term Kadazandusun to represent both the "Orang Dusun" and "Kadazan." Today, both Singapore and Malaysia acknowledge the ethnic group as Kadazan and not Dusun. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kadazan people」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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